Overview of the Economics of Demand

When people think about what it means to demand something, they usually envision some sort of but I want it sort of scenario.  Economists, on the other hand, have a very precise definition of demand. For them demand is the relationship between the quantity of a good or service consumers will purchase and the price charged for that good. More precisely and formally the Economics Glossary defines demand as the want or desire to possess a good or service with the necessary goods, services, or financial instruments necessary to make a legal transaction for those goods or services.  Put another way, an individual must is willing, able, and ready to purchase an item if they are to be counted as demanding an item. What Demand Is Not Demand is not simply a quantity consumers wish to purchase such as 5 oranges or 17 shares of Microsoft, because demand represents the entire relationship between quantity desired of a good and all possible prices charged for that good. The specific quantity desired for a good at a given price is known as the quantity demanded. Typically a time period is also given when describing quantity demanded, since obviously the quantity demanded of an item would differ based on whether we were talking about per day, per week, and so on. Examples of Quantity Demanded When the price of an orange is 65 cents the quantity demanded is 300 oranges a week. If the local Starbucks lowers their price of a tall coffee from $1.75 to $1.65, the quantity demanded will rise from 45 coffees an hour to 48 coffees an hour. Demand Schedules A demand schedule is a table which lists the possible prices for a good and service and the associated quantity demanded. The demand schedule for oranges could look (in part) as follows: 75 cents - 270 oranges a week70 cents - 300 oranges a week65 cents - 320 oranges a week60 cents - 400 oranges a week Demand Curves A demand curve is simply a demand schedule presented in graphical form. The standard presentation of a demand curve has price given on the Y-axis and quantity demanded on the X-axis.  You can see a basic example of a demand curve in the picture presented with this article. The Law of Demand The law of demand states that, ceteribus paribus (Latin for assuming all else is held constant), the quantity demanded for a good rises as the price falls. In other words, the quantity demanded and price are inversely related. Demand curves are drawn as downward sloping due to this inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. Price Elasticity of Demand The price elasticity of demand represents how sensitive quantity demanded is to changes in price.

Sophocles Antigone - The Tragic Hero - 1306 Words

The Tragic Hero in Antigone Being a human incorporates drama. It is part of living in society, and often inevitable. In theatre, successful drama plays use timeless issues that can still be found present in most civilization. Amongst the seven Sophocles’ plays that managed to survive 25 centuries in complete form, lies one of the most famous tragedies in human-history, Antigone. The main controversial conflict in this historically-influential play is the importance of divine law versus man-made state laws. These are presented through the characters Antigone and Creon, respectively. According to Aristotle, a tragedy is defined as: â€Å"A hero destroyed by the excess of his virtues†. The dictionary definition of the word hero is â€Å"a person noted†¦show more content†¦The sentry was just doing his job of telling the king about what had happened, but Creon’s way of dealing with it is by threatening his life, generating fear in the people around him. Sub sequently, the most relevant example takes place in Scene two, when he sentences Antigone to death: ANTIGONE. Creon, what more do you want than my death? CREON. Nothing. That gives me everything. (2.106-108). Creon takes these measures to make sure that no one dares to break his rules. He could’ve forgiven Antigone, considering that she is his son’s bride and has a valid reason for her actions, but decides not to. He doesn’t forgive her just to show the people that he is to be taken seriously and to show his power through fear. â€Å"If I permit my own family to rebel / How shall I earn the world’s obedience?†(3.32-33). At this point in scene three, Creon explains to his son that he will not change his mind because it will make him look weak to the people. Creon’s fear-inducing method establishes a barrier between him and his advisors that makes it hard for them to give feedback. This helps assembling his tragic flaw, and eventually his downfall. Creon’s heedlessness plays a big part in the inflexibility of his authoritharian decision-making. After deciding to kill Antigone, he gets plenty of advice against, but decides to ignore it. Being king of Thebes, CreonShow MoreRelatedThe Tragic Hero Of Sophocles Antigone1835 Words   |  8 Pagesbecome a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall.† Aristotle believed that a tragic hero was one who was noble by nature yet endowed with a tragic flaw or hamartia. This hero is oftentimes more dignified than us average people, but his/her* personality and character traits make their stories relatable. Over the course of his life, different virtues are revealed, but they eventually exhibit an imperfection which leads to his inevitable downfall. In Sophocles s tragic play of Antigone, Oedipus’sRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Antigone By Sophocles1075 Words   |  5 PagesGreek philosopher Aristotle, â€Å"A man cannot become a hero until he can see the root of hi s own downfall.† Thus, according to Aristotle, the tragic hero must be able to discern how his actions caused his demise. The tragic hero has a tragic flaw, known as hamartia, recognizes that this flaw contributes to his misfortune because of an error in judgment, but is nonetheless deserving of sympathy. Creon, the hero of the drama Antigone by Sophocles, fulfills this definition. He exhibits hubris, hisRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Sophocles Antigone876 Words   |  4 Pagesunlike figures found in mythology with such tales as Sophocles’ Antigone.They do what they believe is beneficial or right despite the adversity they will meet. Sometimes their fight results in their death. This is true not only of Antigone, but also of Abraham Lincoln. While Abraham Lincoln may not be considered a tragic hero he is similar to Antigone because both were fulfilling a divine order. Antigone is the title character of Sophocles’ Antigone. She is the daughter of Oedipus, who coupled withRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Sophocles Antigone1056 Words   |  5 Pagesthe title of tragic hero in the play Antigone Author by Sophocles. I would like to start off by saying that it will be very challenging for me to have the passion that I usually have. But I will still stand in front of you. As I said before I am here to argue the title of tragic hero in the play Antigone. I could see that some of you are confused by the word tragic hero. No need to concern for I will tell you. The great Aristotle was one of the earliest men who defined a tragic hero. His descriptionRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Sophocles Antigone1805 Words   |  8 PagesOne of the authors at the forefront of Greek tragedies was Sophocles. One of Sophocles most famous pieces of work is, Antigone. Written in 440 B.C in Athens, Greece, Sophocles uses this play to dramatize a series of events that unfold s when pride becomes more important than loyalty to family. Controversy still remains today of whom the tragic hero of Antigone is, but some scholars believe that Antigone herself is the tragic hero. Antigone goes past conventional expectations to stand up for her brotherRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Sophocles Antigone1521 Words   |  7 PagesAn Aristotelian tragic hero is a literary character who makes a judgment that ultimately leads to his or her own destruction. An example of a true Aristotelian tragic hero is Creon from Sophocles’ play, Antigone. Creon is the tragic hero because he goes through the five stages of a tragic hero which leads to his destruction. His tragic flaw is him being afraid to admit that he has made a mistake. He is too proud of his power and his ability to make laws which leads to his son and wife committingRead MoreThe Real Tragic Hero Of Sophocles Antigone3370 Words   |  14 PagesCarlberg English 102 9 December 2014 The Real Tragic Hero in the Play Antigone A tragic hero according to Aristotle is someone who is of high nobility, and has a major internal character flaw. That flaw will eventually by the characters ultimate demise which is most likely death. If their demise doesn’t end in a death the tragic hero usually goes through a catharsis. The most common flaws of a tragic hero are hubris, pride, and stubbornness. Tragic heroes can be found throughout most tragedy themedRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Sophocles Antigone Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pagesdraws on the emotions of the audience is to get them to relate to the tragic hero, and that is why it was so important for a tragedy to have a proper one. Antigone features the perfect example of a hero in a tragedy. In Antigone, King Creon is the tragic hero since he is adherent to a moral mean, he is life-like, he exhibits a tragic quality which results in a plot reversal, and ends in a moment of lament. Creon is the ideal tragic hero, since he’s morally upstanding but not blameless at the same timeRead MoreEssay on Creon as the Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone997 Words   |  4 PagesCreon as the Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Who is the true tragic hero in Sophocles Antigone?   This question has been the subject of a great debate for numerous years.   Equal arguments exist that portray Antigone as the tragic heroine in the play and Creon as the tragic hero.   Aristotle, in his study of Greek drama entitled Poetics, provided the framework that determines the tragic hero of a work.   Though Antigone definitely possesses the characteristics and qualities thatRead More Creon is the Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone Essay627 Words   |  3 Pages Creon is the Tragic Hero of Antigone nbsp; When the title of a play is a characters name, it is normally assumed that the character is the protagonist of the play. In Sophocles Antigone, most people probably believe Antigone to be the tragic heroine, even after they have finished watching the play. It may be argued, however, that Creon, not Antigone, is the tragic character. When we examine the nature and concept of the Greek Tragedy and what it means to be a tragic character, it becomes

Marriage and Infidelity free essay sample

People’s interactions of fidelity set the stage for the way in which they deal with infidelity in their relationships. As seen or heard, many women expect their partners to cheat, and most men don’t expect their partners to. These expectations determine subsequent reactions to infidelity. Research has reported that men and women experience their infidelity differently, women describe their infidelity as more emotional, where as men describe their infidelity as more sexual. For example, some individuals may not consider emotional intimacy as a violation of the relationship commitment. Others may disagree about what physical behaviors constitute infidelity, believing that only intercourse confirms infidelity, whereas others hold that behaviors such as kissing constitute a breach of trust and commitment to fidelity. Partners may disagree over the definition of infidelity and thus disagree with whether it has occurred. Of the many definitions in research, Johnson (2005) defines infidelity as any action that is perceived and/or experienced as hurtful betrayal of trust or threat to a relationship; it is any action that undermines the stability of a couple’s attachment bond (Johnson 2005). Infidelity can be sexual, emotional, or both. Sexual infidelity is any behavior that involves sexual contact, such as kissing, intimate touching, oral sex, or sexual intercourse. Emotional infidelity involves the formation of a emotional attachment to or affection of another person, and can involve such behaviors as flirting, dating, intimate conversations, or falling in love (Drigotas Barta, 2001). Infidelity can occur in a marital, cohabitating, or dating relationship and is therefore more generally referred to as extra dyadic involvement (e. g. , Thompson, 1983). There are cultures, and subcultures in our society, in which it is expected that people in committed relationships will have affairs, and these affairs are viewed without much disapproval. The rule is that the affairs must be kept secret. The general importance is that the partner must never be put in a position where he/she should have to deal with this unpleasant reality. Infidelity may not be the worse thing that one relationship partner can do to another, but it may be the most confusing and disorienting and therefore the most likely to destroy the relationship, not necessarily because of sex, ut because of the secrecy and the lies. A lie may be more direct betrayal than keeping a relevant secret, but the two ultimately amount to much of the same thing, the effort to disorient your partner in order to avoid conflict over some breach of the relationship agreement. It seems that people who mess around assume that everyone else does so too, while those who don’t mess around a ssume sexual infidelity is unusual behavior. There are several different kinds of infidelity. Some of it is infrequent, occurs under unusual circumstances, is perhaps even unique or accidental, some of it is rare but intense passion that pressures the relationship and feels like love, some of it is open and part of the relationship agreement, either cooperative or defiant, and last but not least some is continuous, recurrent infidelity (â€Å"philandering†) may occur in no more than twenty percent intact relationships (Johnson 2005). Society’s attitude towards infidelity has seemed to soften in the past years. One of the reasons for the current shift in attitudes may well be related to our modern-day belief that love excuses all. Society may regard infidelity more leniently if love is involved, but other factors also contribute to our present-day liberal attitudes toward affairs. Research states, decrease in religious faith encourages infidelity; so does the role model of parental infidelity, the over all awareness that infidelity is out of control, which makes it easy for the average person to rationalize their own infidelity or any temptation to cheat by saying, â€Å"everyone done does it, then why shouldn’t I? Another possible cause for the increase in infidelity in today’s time may well be the media, the consciousness that infidelity is common among most dazzling and respected public figures, gives the public a green flag. A survey was conducted in 1971 by Robert Whitehurst, â€Å"Violence Potential in Extra Marital Sexual Responses,† forty percent of the sample claimed that the mass media had an effect on them in a liberating direction in regard to sexual things. Although there are certain situations under which men and women will both be likely to engage in extramarital affairs, those affairs are usually motivated by different factors. Men seek attention through sex; women seek attention, then sex. Overall, men and women desire many of the same equalities in a partner; they just go about meeting them their emotional and sexual needs in different ways. Some common reasons men give for their marital affairs are put into 5 groups according to research; sexual reasons sexual variety, more sex, more often, oral sex), novelty reasons (the thrill of a new body, the excitement of a new challenge, no burdensome emotions), ego-boost reasons (feeling attractive to a younger women, being the total center of attention, if available, why not? ), wife-related reasons ( power over wife, boredom in marriage, to avoid intimacy with wife, wife too involved with children), and fantasy/romance reasons ( temporary escape from unhappy marriage, to get love and aff ection, to prove sexual attractiveness). According to research women’s primary motivation for affairs is to boost their ego and gain self-confidence and self-esteem, which has often been tough in their marriage. Women also have affairs to get back at an unfaithful husband and to experience sexual variety. However, other research studies and interviews emphasize that the majority of women have affairs as a way to feel better about themselves and in order to an emotional, affectionate connection. What is the likelihood of a man participating in casual sex? Pretty high, according to evolutionary psychologist Dr. David Buss. Dr. Buss and his colleagues at the University of Texas tested how willing men would be to have sex with a woman they had just met. The researches had men pose the following question to women: â€Å"Hi, I’ve been noticing you around town lately, and find you attractive. Would you go to bed with me? All the women who were asked this question said no. But when women posed this same question to men, seventy-five percent of the men said yes and added that they were very flattered by the woman’s request. Dr. Buss’s research also supports other studies which point out that many men will rarely turn down a sexual advance from a woman. Research and casual observation support the view that if opportunity was present many more men than women will engage casual sex and one night stands even when they have no interest in having a relationship, or even further contact, with the person. This finding does not account for married men who receive proposals from women, nor for their wives, who could be cheated on repeatedly. In another study, Buss et al. (1999) set up scenarios so that each form of infidelity was equally restricted (partner engaged in sexual or emotional infidelity but not in both). The study resulted in men having a higher percentage than women in regards to distress towards sexual infidelity (when there was no emotional involvement) compare to distress in regards to imagining their partner was engaging in emotional infidelity (with no sexual involvement). In a successive test, participants were given scenarios once again, but this time it was clear that both sexual and emotional infidelity were co-occurring, participants were asked which bothered them the most, sexual or emotional infidelity (Buss et al. 1999). He found further support in regards to his perspective on evolutionary research. The study once again resulted in a big difference in the amount of males (61%) than females (13%) reporting greater distress towards sexual infidelity versus emotional infidelity. Looking through the victim’s perspective on infidelity, the initial male reaction to suspicions of infidelity is one shocked surprise. Most men admit that they had never expected their part ner to cheat on them because they don’t believe women can separate love from sex. Therefore, when they do find out that their wife has been unfaithful; they are unable to dismiss the affair as â€Å"just sex. † According to research men, unlike women, rarely put up with their wives’ infidelity. Many men also react to their wives’ infidelity with threats of violence itself; ultimately, they are devastated by the affair and often feel that they will never again trust another woman. Women on the other hand tend to avoid confronting their partner and the situation as long as possible, ignoring the evidence. And research has found that when women are obligated to deal with the infidelity they try to dismiss it as a sexual fling and give no importance to the other women. Majority of women not only ignore their husbands’ infidelities but even sometime help cause them to happen, by making it clear that no matter how strong their suspicions of infidelity might be, they will ignore the evidence. Our grandparents’ generation believed in monogamy; statistics make the current generation to believe in the dominance of infidelity. In 1948, Kinsey found that fifty percent of married men had extramarital sex. That figure was significant again in 1979 when Yablonsky found that fifty percent of husbands had are unfaithful. These figures were topped in 1981 when Hite reported that out of 7,239 men, 3 out 4 husbands had cheated during the first two years of their marriage and that seventy-two percent of married men were unfaithful. Female infidelity has also been taken into account. In 1953 Kinsey showed that twenty-six percent of wives had on affair by the time they were forty. In September 1975, Redbook demonstrated that this figure has dramatically increased; nearly one third of their married readers who had answered their questionnaire admitted to infidelity. And in 1982, sociologist Lynne Atwater reported that fifty percent of women are unfaithful to their husbands. Perhaps men and women have always cheated. Not everyone will be able to forgive a spouse for infidelity. Forgiving the infidelity does not mean condoning it or minimizing its impact. Research on forgiveness shows that it is beneficial to one’s health to let go of high levels of sustained anger (Luskin, 2002). Yet people differ in their need to forgive. Some can do it more easily because of their religious principles; some want to forgive but cannot; some let go anger, but cannot easily forgive. It is important to recognize and respect that some people will be unable to forgive even though they work hard on restructuring their marriage. A couple can move on without forgiving. According to research couples can be most helped when they understand one another through exploration of the stresses prior to the infidelity and knowing more about themselves from a generational view. They also need to have good communication skills, a forum for talking over problems, the family meeting, and ways to cope with anger. While they may not be able to forgive, they usually benefit from understanding the reasons the infidelity occurred, and by developing relationship skills. It seems, the path to forgiveness is made easier by understanding. Taking the review of literature into consideration it seems that more research has been focused on married couples, engaged couples, or adults in general and only regarding the topic of infidelity specifically. Little research shows perceptions of infidelity amongst a younger age group and non married couple, for example, men and women in college and/or during the age of eighteen through twenty-two, and little research specify any information regarding forgiveness after infidelity has been committed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to see what perceptions college students have about infidelity and forgiveness. Based on previous research the following hypothesis was developed, college men are more likely to forgive emotional infidelity and college women are more likely to forgive sexual infidelity. Since, some research does show that the way in which the parent conducts his/her relationships consistently influences a child, and if infidelity is part of a parents marriage it can only serve to corrode the child’s own belief in monogamy and the promise of happily ever after, an exploratory analysis will be conducted to see if marital status impacts relationships among college students.