The Rousseau s Thesis And Social Contract - 1548 Words

To better understand Rousseau’s thesis and social contract he proposed, we must first understand why Rousseau felt compelled to write and his main criticism of society during the 18th century. In sum, Rousseau argued that states (specifically France, though never explicitly stated) have not protected man’s right to freedom or equality. Rousseau began The Social Contract in dramatic fashion. He wrote, â€Å"man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains† (1). This quote is still used today, and is a powerful description of Rousseau’s central issue with society. He believed that every man is â€Å"born† naturally free—he has full autonomy and can do what he chooses. However, Rousseau argued that man is bound to the injustices of society.†¦show more content†¦All men must consent to this â€Å"two-way commitment between the public and the individuals belonging to it† (8). This social compact between the subjects of a sta te creates the states â€Å"unity, its common identity, its life and its will† (7). Rousseau then laid out the two crucial parts of a state and their crucial separation: the sovereign, or the people, and the government. At the end of Book I, Rousseau summarized his proposed social contract by stating that it â€Å"replaces†¦physical inequalities as nature may have set up between men by an equality that is moral and legitimate, so that men who may be unequal in strength or intelligence become equal by agreement and legal right† (11). Rousseau’s social contract in theory would give each individual, regardless of physical strength or education, guaranteed freedom from the chains of the state. In this relationship, the sovereign and government, which I will describe in more detail in the subsequent chapters, are completely separate. The sovereign represents the will of the people and is the legislative power. The government’s duty is to executeShow MoreRelatedSocial Contract Theory Thomas Hobbes2009 Words   |  9 PagesSocial contract theory, nearly as old as philosophy itself, is the view that person s moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live. The Social Contract is largely associated with modern moral and political theory, and is given its first full exposition and defense by Thomas Hobbes in his piece, Leviathan. After Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau are the best known proponents of this influential theoryRead MoreA Statement Of The State Of Nature2003 Words   |  9 PagesResearch Paper Proposal 1. A statement of the question and of your overriding thesis, and its significance. Evaluate Hobbes’s argument that the state of nature is a state of war. Hobbs conclusion that the state of nature is a state of war is not definitive, rather, the state of nature is a balance between war and peace due to the dynamic and different nature of individuals. The significance of the question is such that it helps to shed light onto human morality, and as a basis from which to deriveRead MoreSocietal Significance And The Sovereignty Essay2391 Words   |  10 PagesJefferson’s quote suggests that the social contract and state are only run sufficiently under the authority of the people. There is a common assumption that a definite agreement among the population of a society, is dictated by the individuals themselves. In the past, various theorists as well as powerful leaders have made conscience endeavors to demystify whether the social contract is imposed by the sovereign or society. This essay makes an argument that the social compact is dictated by individual sRead MoreHow Does Rousseau Justify This Argument?2188 Words   |  9 Pagesdouble-spaced pages). One of the central arguments of the Social Contract is Rousseau’s insistence that even a modern republic cannot survive without the aid of a â€Å"civil religion.† How does Rousseau justify this argument? What role does it play in Rousseau’s republicanism? And how would Montesquieu and the authors of the Federalist Papers have responded to Rousseau’s thesis? The Social Contract of Rousseau is an innovation for republicanism theories and Rousseau did have an influence on the republican traditionRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Jean Jacques Rousseau953 Words   |  4 Pages Thesis Famous philosopher, Jean Jacques Rousseau beliefs that revolutionize today s thinkers are†¦ All men are born good. â€Å"Man is born free, yet he is everywhere in chains† There should be a society without government Question: Why do you have this belief that all men are good even though you were mistreated as an engraver’s apprentice? Answer: The reason why I would think like this is because it is a natural human instinct to help other people around, to help our species survive the endeavorRead MoreUnderstanding Societal Wealth and Inequality Thesis Statement on What Can Help Society (Hybrid of Capitalism and Communism)3650 Words   |  15 PagesAYOMIPO MADEIN A00014571 WRI 102 FINAL PAPER UNDERSTANDING SOCIETAL WEALTH AND INEQUALITY THESIS STATEMENT ON WHAT CAN HELP SOCIETY (HYBRID OF CAPITALISM AND COMMUNISM) WHAT IS WEALTH On a general basis, wealth is an accumulation of physical entities which hold great importance to us. These entities are objects such as money, land, jewelries, gold, precious stones and so much more. It is also a means were by people grade themselves or attain superiority over others. Wealth comes with power, prestigeRead MoreThe Reformation Essay2676 Words   |  11 Pages The desire for greater religious freedom was contributed to the separation of church and state. This argument of the separation of church and state has been going on for quite some time. Early efforts to reform the church started in the 1300s at Oxford University. John Wycliff stirred up controversy in teaching the freedom of religious conscience of the individual believer, who stood in faith directly before God in 1370. Wycliffs followers, contemptuously called Lollards, preached reformRead MoreCustomer Is Not Always Right13057 Words   |  53 PagesAn Analysis on How to Handle Dysfunctional Customers And how they affect on Food Servers in selected Restaurants at Eastwood City ------------------------------------------------- A Method of Research and Thesis Paper Presented to the Faculty of the Hotel and Restaurant Management Arellano University - Pasig ------------------------------------------------- In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Degree in Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management PresentedRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 Pagesits relation to the body, the implications of the new natural sciences for free will and God, and the emergence of a secular basis for moral and political philosophy. Canonical figures include Hobbes, Descartes, Locke, Spinoza, Leibniz, Berkeley, Rousseau, Hume, and Kant.[10] Chronologically, this era spans the 17th and 18th centuries, and is generally considered to end with Kants systematic attempt to reconcile Newtonian physics with traditional metaphysical topics.[11] [edit] Nineteenth centuryRead MoreCross-Cultural Management in China11008 Words   |  45 PagesJustice Personality Influence strategies Table I. Summary of crosscultural management research reviewed Topics Frequencies Citation OCB items; dimensions of OCB 13 12 Organization commitment (OC); commitment to supervisor; psychological contract; mutual obligations Conflict resolution; conflict avoidance; conflict management 11 Chen and Francesco (2000), Chen (1995), Burt (1992), Luo (2000), Tsui and Farh (1997), Xin and Pearce (1996), Chen et al. (2004), Tsui et al. (2000), Tsui and Farh

Maslows Theory - 1321 Words

Theorist’s Biography Abraham Harold Maslow, the founder of humanistic psychology, was born in New York City on April 1, 1908 and died at home in California in 1970 (Maslow, Abraham Hutchinson Encyclopedia of Biography, 2010) (Abraham H. Maslow: a Bibliography: Professional biography, 1970). He received his AB, MA, and PhD in psychology from the University of Wisconsin (1970). His work as a United States (U.S.) psychologist started in 1932 after he started working as a teaching fellow (1970). Maslow also taught at Brooklyn College from 1937 to 1951 and at Brandeis University from 1951 to 1961, where he was appointed Chairman of the Psychology department (2010). He made research contributions in psychology every year until his death†¦show more content†¦In other words, once an individual’s basic needs like food, water, warmth, safety, and stability are taken care of, they are now motivated to establish meaningful relationships with other people. The fourth ladder of needs is self-esteem . This means meeting the need to be perceived as competent, confident, independent, having social status, appreciation, and recognition. The last need at the very top of the pyramid is self-actualization. Self-actualization is when an individual fulfills ones potential as a creative human being. This is where individuals focus on themselves and try to build their image. It is a process of growing and developing as a person in order to achieve the highest potential (Butt Rich, 2011) Application of Maslow’s Theory Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory has been used in many different situations and fields to obtain certain goals. The main focus behind this theory as stated is that each individual, organization, or entity has a basic need that is crucial to its survival. On a global scale, third world countries have individuals that struggle to meet their basic physiologic needs and are consumed by the thought of obtaining food and water. The idea of purchasing a big house with a security alarm for safety is not a thought that consumes them. In developed countries, such as United States of America, individuals are ableShow MoreRelatedMaslows and Murrays theories1064 Words   |  5 PagesThe organismic theory in psychology is based on the idea that the individual is composed of elements making up a system, and that one element cannot be separated from its system in order to study it. Two of the organismic theorists have developed theories to understand humans’ psychological developme nts through their needs: Abraham Maslow, with his hierarchy of needs theory; and Henry Murray, and his psychogenic needs theory. They both focused on developing their theories to understand human personalityRead MoreMaslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe Hierarchy of needs theory is a formation of the needs of an individual person. Basically this hierarchy are based on five level which is classified into Physiological needs, Safety needs, Love/Belonging needs, Esteem needs and Self-actualization needs. It can be illustrated with a diagram 1.0 The Diagram of Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. This is diagram are has been developed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper of A Theory of Human Motivation which he subsequently extended to include his observationRead MoreMaslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory1595 Words   |  7 PagesContents INTRODUCTION 2 MOTIVATION 3 MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY 4 INFORMATION OF THE COMPANY 5 APPLE COMPUTERS,INC 5 INFORMATION ABOUT THE COMPANY’S MANAGER 6 STEVE JOBS 6 STEVE JOBS LEADERSHIP STYLES AND MOTIVATION TECHNIQUES 7 CONCLUSION 9 REFERENCES 10 â€Æ' INTRODUCTION In this section ,we will discuss about the topics motivation, motivation theory.Motivation is defined as the interaction between person and the situation.For attaining goalRead MoreMaslows Theory Of Self Actualization1410 Words   |  6 PagesMaslow’s Theory of Self-Actualization According to Ellis, Abrams, Abrams (2009), Maslow’s theory of self-actualization can be defined as, â€Å"†¦an innate tendency of human beings to fulfill and enhance their potential, provided that basic physical and social needs are met† (p.620). Maslow viewed human beings in a unique way and altered his original idea of what someone who achieved this highest level of potential was. Maslow believed that individuals who achieved this potential could be defined throughRead MoreMaslows Hierarchy Of Needs Theory1805 Words   |  8 PagesMaslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory in Organizational Diversity Psychologist Abraham Maslow established a theory of motivation to justify how people in diverse organizations behave. His human requirements theory states that humans are never completely satisfied; that they crave satisfaction and those requirements can be classified into a hierarchy based upon importance. The lowest level of importance includes peoples’ desire to satisfy their physical needs, such as hunger and thirst. Following theRead MoreMaslows Classroom Management Theory1442 Words   |  6 Pagestaking place. Maslow, Dreikurs, Glasser, and Coopersmith are a few theorists that offer insight for behavioral motivations. This paper will compare these theorists research and determine which views correlate with this writer’s classroom management theory. Maslow There are set of basic needs discussed by Maslow. Jones and Jones write that Maslow believes that these basic needs must be met for students to want to learn (2016, p. 32). These basic needs range in order from low (physiological needs) toRead MoreApplication of Maslows Theory of Needs to Mobilize a Community2308 Words   |  10 PagesINTRODUCTION Community development involves assisting communities and empowering them to attain well-being. This is done through advocacy, organizing communities and mobilizing resources. Other than theories of economics, development and politics, community development is also influenced by contributions from the field of psychology. Different branches of psychology help us to understand community needs, their cultural dispositions, and how communities form social cohesion and participate in communityRead MoreCritical Evaluate Maslows Theory of Hierarchy of Needs1272 Words   |  6 PagesCritically evaluate Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as way of understanding employee motivation in contemporary Chinese business Nowadays, people resources have been considered as an important task. To focus on that employees’ emotional motivator have always been considered as a standard to predict company’s future tendency of development. (Hurst, 1995) People’s motivation factors and uses have become to play a more significant role in modern firms, which is every boss cared. In today’s ChinaRead MoreAbraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory Essay1019 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs is one of the first theories of motivation and probably the best-known one. It was first presented in 1943. in Dr. Abraham Maslow’s article A Theory of Human Motivation in Psychological Review, and was further expanded in his book â€Å"Toward a Psychology of Being†. Maslow tried to formulate a needs-based framework of human motivation. His research was based upon his clinical experiences with humans, rather than priorRead More Maslows Theory of Human Motivation Essay1264 Words   |  6 Pageslook to the motivator, the brain. The human brain works in such a way as to satisfy a series of needs. Abraham H. Maslowamp;#8217;s theory of human motivation (1954) explains the sequence by which humans move through levels of concentration so as to best satisfy these needs. Maslowamp;#8217;s pyramid (1954), a five-tiered structure, represents a summary of this theory. Maslow (1954) postulates that in order for one to focus his/her attention on the ultimate goal at the apex of the pyramid, self-actualization

Photosynthesis Light and Plant Free Essays

ESS Internal Assessment: Lab Report Aim: The aim is to measure the rate of photosynthesis of an aquatic plant (Cabomba species) at different light intensities. Hypothesis: If the distance between the lamp and the plant increases the rate of photosynthesis decreases because the plant requires light for photosynthesis to occur. Variables: Independent: The independent variable for this experiment is light intensity. We will write a custom essay sample on Photosynthesis: Light and Plant or any similar topic only for you Order Now In each trial the distance between the plant and the lamp will be increased, from 15 cm in the first trial to 30 cm in the second and then 50 cm in the third. Dependent: In this experiment we will measure the oxygen bubbles the plant releases into the water, per minute, to determine the rate of photosynthesis. Constant: * The species of plant (Cabomba) and the specific plant specimen is going to be kept the soma throughout the experiment because most different species or specimens may photosynthesize at a different rate to others. * The amount of water was also kept constant * The temperature of the water was kept constant at about 25 degrees Celsius (Room Temperature) as nothing was done to alter it throughout the experiment. The time periods were also kept constant as we did three trials of five minutes each and always measured the amount of bubbles per minute. Method: 1. Add Sodium Bicarbonate to the water 2. Put plant in water 3. Put the lamp at 15 cm for the beaker containing the plant specimen. Make sure this is measure accurately 4. Light the lamp at the same time as the timer is started 5. Observe, count and document how many oxyge n bubbles were released by the plant Materials: 1. Water 2. Sodium Bicarbonate 3. Lamp 4. Glass Vile 5. Funnel Data Collection: Measure| 15 cm| 30 cm| 50 cm| 1| 4| 3| 4| 2| 5| 5| 2| 3| 5| 5| 2| 4| 3| 4| 3| 5| 6| 1| 4| Average | 4. 6| 3. 6| 3| Discussion: The results show, that on average, the further the lamp was moved away from the plant, the fewer bubbles formed. This is due to the fact that the lamp provides heat and light for the plant, to components that are vital for photosynthesis to occur. The bubbles in the water were oxygen bubbles that are released by the plant as it respires. As the lamp is further away the plant receives less light and therefore slows the rate of photosynthesis. With less photosynthesis the plant begins to release fewer oxygen bubbles. Evaluation: Our experiment went fairly well, however our results were not very accurate for various reasons. Firstly, the lamp we sued was a simple table lamp instead of UV light used to mimic sunlight. Therefore the light used was not an accurate imitation of sunlight. This may not have allowed the plant to increase it’s rate of photosynthesis to the fullest. Therefore the rates may have been lower then they would have been in the plant’s natural environment. The second factor that may have made our experiment less accurate was the fact that the lamp was not the only source of light hitting the plant. There was general ceiling lighting in the room and a small extent of daylight falling on the plant. This can also have slightly manipulated our results, as we cannot be entirely sure if the rate of photosynthesis was solely influenced by the distance between the lamp and the plant and not by he other light sources in the room. We did not make any measurements of the temperature of the water or discuss the effects this may have had on the rate of photosynthesis. We also knew very little about the natural environment of the Cabomba plant. Therefore our experiment was not an accurate imitation of the plant natural process of photosynthesis, as we had to apply more components such as water temperature, proper lighting etc. We were very successful at measuring the amount of bubbles released per minute as we took turns and worked very successfully as a team, one member taking the time and the other watching and counting the bubbles, therefore we believe that our recorded results are fairly accurate. We also made sure that the lamp was always at the aforementioned distance from the plant specimen. Therefore I believe that our results were rather accurate given that they were recorded in a classroom environment. Conclusion: How to cite Photosynthesis: Light and Plant, Essay examples

Accounting Information Systems Manufacturing Organisation

Question: Describe about the Accounting Information Systems for Manufacturing Organisation. Answer: 1.Role of Accounting Information System (AIS) in the value chain of a manufacturing organisation: AIS mainly include procedures, people, software, data and information technology. It assembles information about transactions as well as activities and then processes he collected information into data that are useful in decision-making procedures (Adenike Michael, 2016). The crucial target of any organization is to offer value to its consumers. An organization will earn profit only when its created value is more than the cost of production of its services or products. In manufacturing organization, AIS creates value by supplying timely and accurate data so that major activities for value chain is carried out more efficiently and effectively. This is achieved by Improving the quality with minimisation of costs of services and products Improvement of efficiency Improvement in decision-making competency Increasing the process of knowledgesharing within the organization Improving the system of internal control (Liu et al., 2013). Well-planned AIS has the ability of increasing the profit of any business by improving the effectiveness and efficiency in their supply chain. For a manufacturing organization, their main activities are placing purchase order to supplier, receiving the goods from vendors, making payment to them, manufacturing the final good using the received goods from vendor, taking orders from customers, shipping of the final goods, receipt of payments from customers and maintaining general ledger for all the transactions. All these activities can be carried out smoothly with the help of well-designed AIS. Moreover, the functional decisions taken by the managerial personnel regarding achieving the target performance through ideal production, marketing and supply are managed by AIS only (Hall, 2012). 2. Assistance of AIS with decision making of contemporary manufacturing organisation: The superiority of decisions, obtained by managerial personnel, largely depends on the accuracy and substance of data provided by available system. AIS is one of the most efficient tool for making decisions by management, as it offers an orderly system of organising and gathering data about several business transactions, so that it can be utilized as a support to management in business operation. AIS also help managers to have clear idea about their tasks and therefore decrease uncertainty in making decisions. AIS is important to each organization both non-profit oriented as well as profit oriented as no business is free from making decisions in their business operations (Collier, 2015). In todays competitive business world, AIS has proved to be a information system, which does not stop working at unavailability of sufficient information and financial data, but it also comprises of information and quantitative and descriptive data that is helpful in making decisions for users with diversity. Such users are comprised of lenders, customers, potential investors, governments, creditors, suppliers and public. Responsibilities of administration are to prepare and display the programs of accounting, the information of which must be capable of attaining the target. Therefore, the functions of AIS in making effective decisions cannot be over looked (Ward Peppard, 2016). In a manufacturing organization, managers are engaged with various types of activities that involves reliable and quality information. They also require non-financial data like quality of production, statistics and many more. Therefore, quality of data produced from AIS is very essential for management. Efficiency of AIS also depends on the need of the person who makes decision, as data produced by the system must satisfy the requirement for managerial reports, operation process, control and budgeting within the business. Usefulness of data is described as the level to which they are helpful in making decisions. Five ways o evaluate the usefulness of data are demand of the subject for the particular item, level to which it affects the forecast of the subject, the degree to which the item influence the decision of the subject and to what extent the item directs to better decisions (Pettigrew, 2014). 3. Using value chain analysis to create competitive advantage for manufacturing organization: Value chain analysis can be used to improve the performances of the business and its major function is to develop and generate competitive advantages. All business organizations including the manufacturing ones, makes decisions to make profit and compete in the market. Analysis of value chain can be exercised to formulate strategies to compete, understand the basis of competitive advantages and recognise and create the inter relationships and linkages between movements that generates value. An organizations hunt for competitive advantages starts with strategic decisions it make with respect to their position in the industry. They should understand the procedure to turn their competitive strategies to competitive advantages (Soosay, Fearne Dent, 2012). The growth of a manufacturing organizations competitive advantage means they must hold some simulation of their strategies that can create barriers for their competitors. A value chain is a way of giving shape to their activities that are required to offer service or product to consumer. It represents the manner a product achieves value as it move through the process of production, design, delivery, marketing and service to consumers (Barney, 2012). References: Adenike, A. T., Michael, A. A. (2016). Effect of Accounting Information System Adoption on Accounting Activities in Manufacturing Industries in Nigeria. Barney, J. B. (2012). Purchasing, supply chain management and sustained competitive advantage: The relevance of resource?based theory.Journal of Supply Chain Management,48(2), 3-6. Collier, P. M. (2015).Accounting for managers: Interpreting accounting information for decision making. John Wiley Sons. Hall, J. A. (2012).Accounting information systems. Cengage Learning. Liu, H., Ke, W., Wei, K. K., Hua, Z. (2013). The impact of IT capabilities on firm performance: The mediating roles of absorptive capacity and supply chain agility.Decision Support Systems,54(3), 1452-1462. Pettigrew, A. M. (2014).The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge. Soosay, C., Fearne, A., Dent, B. (2012). Sustainable value chain analysis-A case study of Oxford Landing from vine to dine.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(1), 68-77. Ward, J., Peppard, J. (2016).The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. John Wiley Sons.